Adult language learners often face unique challenges that can sometimes impede their progress. These challenges are not about individual limitations, but rather patterns and behaviors that are commonly observed from an instructor’s perspective. Understanding these issues can help learners become more aware of their own journey and approach language acquisition with greater clarity. In this two-part series, we delve into some of the most common problems faced by adult learners. From both sides of the "learner-instructor" relationship.

From the Perspective of: Instructor → Learner

1. Aimless Wandering: The Lack of Clear Language Learning Goals

Many adult learners spend years working on their English without seeing substantial improvement. This can feel like wandering aimlessly through a "learning desert," with no clear direction or goals in sight. In the professional world, success depends on clear targets and organized efforts, so why should language learning be any different? Setting specific, measurable goals can transform a scattered learning process into one that is structured and focused—leading to more noticeable progress.

2. The Self-Critical Nature of Adult Learners

One of the most noticeable differences between adult and child learners is the way they view failure. Children often accept that mistakes are part of the learning process, but many adult learners struggle with self-criticism. As professionals, adults tend to feel they should already have a solid understanding of language. When they encounter difficulties, such as slipping up in formal presentations or sending grammatically imperfect emails, it can be difficult to manage the bruised ego that comes with it. Overcoming this internalized fear of failure is key to making progress.

3. The Influence of Ego on Language Learning Progress

Alongside self-criticism, many adult learners bring their "full-grown" adult ego to language learning. While this is understandable—given their established careers and expertise—it can hinder their ability to learn effectively. Language learning often requires unlearning old habits and embracing new methods, something ego-driven learners may resist. This can lead to a reluctance to admit mistakes or a tendency to chase validation rather than working on improving gaps in knowledge. True progress requires humility and the willingness to be open to new ways of learning.

4. Misunderstanding the "Native Speaker" Standard

A common misconception among learners is that being a "native speaker" automatically means one is the ideal model for language proficiency. While native speakers may excel in conversational language, they often lack the specialized communication skills needed in professional or academic settings. This includes skills like writing effective emails, delivering presentations, and engaging in formal interviews. Non-native speakers can be just as proficient as native speakers in these areas—it's about mastering specific communication strategies, not just knowing the language.

5. Lack of Agency and Ownership in the Learning Process

Adult learners often struggle with ownership of their learning. Some take a passive approach, expecting instructors to "spoon-feed" information and relying too heavily on the fact that they’re paying for lessons. Language learning requires active participation from the learner. On the other hand, some learners believe they know everything already and seek validation from their instructors, making it difficult to engage in a meaningful exchange. Striking the right balance—being open to new insights while taking responsibility for their own progress—is essential for growth.

Key Takeaways:

• Set specific language learning goals to guide your progress.
• Embrace failure as a natural part of the learning process.
• Check your ego—language learning requires openness and adaptability.
• Understand that being a native speaker doesn’t mean automatic proficiency in professional communication.
• Take ownership of your learning and actively participate in the process.

Update: Part 2 is out! Read it here now

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